{"action":"update","ckan_id":"e0346a2c-5fc7-4736-b8aa-33607f935f72","date_created":"Fri, 19 Dec 2025 23:46:03 GMT","date_finished":null,"harvest_job_id":"791222e7-eb5d-477e-bd8f-e57b7c6b3ea9","harvest_source_id":"6a011314-1304-4d42-a269-cce59a8e36e0","id":"01a4818a-19fc-45c7-91fa-02ee0afdd692","identifier":"https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions/iso/xml/0220095.xml","parent_identifier":null,"source_hash":"a15dddd549b64b3c7e79c81a920bd279372bcf5f27ae873a34da975d46fa93c7","source_raw":"\r\n \r\n gov.noaa.nodc:0220095\r\n \r\n \r\n eng\r\n \r\n \r\n utf8\r\n \r\n \r\n model\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025-12-16T12:54:49Z\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2:2009(E)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Precipitation and sea level pressure model output under varying atmospheric scenarios centered over South Africa from 1921-01-01 to 2100-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0220095)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2020-10-14\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n International DOI Foundation (IDF)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 10.25921/rwe5-fw03\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n gov.noaa.nodc:0220095\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Archive Management System\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 0220095\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Aparna Radhakrishnan\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n aparna.radhakrishnan@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n resourceProvider\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n resourceProvider\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Salvatore Pascale\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA GFDL/Stanford University\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pascaledeep@gmail.com\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA GFDL Climate Model\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n gfdl.climate.model.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Thomas Delworth\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n tom.delworth@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n collaborator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Sarah Kapnick\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n sarah.kapnick@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n collaborator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n William Cooke\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n william.cooke@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n collaborator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Pascale, Salvatore\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA GFDL/Stanford University\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Cooke, William F.\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Delworth, Thomas L.\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Kapnick, Sarah B.\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website\r\n \r\n \r\n Institution web page\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n tableDigital\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n This archival information package contains NetCDF files of monthly mean precipitation and sea level pressure model output. The precipitation grid is centered over South Africa and the more densely packed sea level pressure grid is for the entire southern hemisphere.\r\n\r\nMore precisely, this dataset contains a subset of the SPEAR_MED, SPEAR_LO, FLOR and FLOR_FA large ensembles (30 members) used for the results published in the study \"Increasing risk of another Cape Town Day Zero drought in the twenty-first century\". Specifically, we provide the precipitation field (unites: kg/m2/s) over a domain centered over South Africa and Sea Level pressure over a Southern Hemisphere domain. All the data is at monthly resolution (monthly means). For SPEAR_MED, we provide data from four different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 3,000-yr control simulation (CTRL) to evaluate unforced natural variability; (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100) to provide a baseline with only natural forcing (i.e., volcanic eruptions and solar cycles); (3) two ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 (1921-2100) developed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). For SPEAR_LO, we provide data from three different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 5,000-yr control simulation (CTRL); (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100); (3) one ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5-8.5 (1921-2100). For FLOR provide data from three different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 2,200-yr control simulation (CTRL); (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100); (3) one ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Radiative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 (1921-2100). For FLOR_FA provide data from three different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 3,500-yr control simulation (CTRL); (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100); (3) one ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Radiative Concentration Pathway RCP4.5 (1941-2050).\r\n \r\n \r\n This dataset contains a subset of the SPEAR_MED, SPEAR_LO, FLOR and FLOR_FA large ensembles (30 members) used for the results published in the study \"Increasing risk of another Cape Town Day Zero drought in the twenty-first century\".\r\n\r\nThis data collection (netCDF files) enables to reproduce results (soon to be published) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America which is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. The datasets being published in this collection is used for both peer-reviewing and to further the research by making the data supporting the manuscript available to all researchers. Making this data citable with data DOIs reaps additional benefits.\r\n \r\n \r\n completed\r\n \r\n \r\n historicalArchive\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n asNeeded\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0220095\r\n \r\n \r\n Preview graphic\r\n \r\n \r\n PNG\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 0220095\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2020-07-03\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n BAROMETRIC PRESSURE\r\n \r\n \r\n PRECIPITATION\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n meteorological\r\n \r\n \r\n model output\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory\r\n \r\n \r\n dataCentre\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n oceanography\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n WMO_CategoryCode\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2012-09-15\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/GFDL > NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n dataCentre\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Greenbelt\r\n \r\n \r\n MD\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE\r\n \r\n \r\n EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Greenbelt\r\n \r\n \r\n MD\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1N6FTJ\r\n \r\n \r\n HWYCTH\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Send2NCEI Submission Package ID\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n accessLevel: Public\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Cite as: Pascale, Salvatore; Cooke, William F.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Kapnick, Sarah B. (2020). Precipitation and sea level pressure model output under varying atmospheric scenarios centered over South Africa from 1921-01-01 to 2100-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0220095). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/rwe5-fw03. Accessed [date].\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Delworth, T. L., Cooke, W. F., Adcroft, A., Bushuk, M., Chen, J., Dunne, K. A., Ginoux, P., Gudgel, R., Hallberg, R. W., Harris, L., Harrison, M. J., Johnson, N., Kapnick, S. B., Lin, S., Lu, F., Malyshev, S., Milly, P. C., Murakami, H., Naik, V., \u2026 Zhao, M. (2020). SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001895\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2020-03\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n International DOI Foundation (IDF)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001895\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001895\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001895\r\n \r\n \r\n related journal article\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Delworth, Thomas L.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Cooke, William F.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Adcroft, Alistair\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Bushuk, Mitchell\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Chen, Jan\u2010Huey\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Dunne, Krista A.\r\n \r\n \r\n Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division U.S. Geological Survey Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Ginoux, Paul\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Gudgel, Richard\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Hallberg, Robert W.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Harris, Lucas\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Harrison, Matthew J.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Johnson, Nathaniel\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Kapnick, Sarah B.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Lin, Shian\u2010Jian\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Lu, Feiyu\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Malyshev, Sergey\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Milly, Paul C.\r\n \r\n \r\n Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division U.S. Geological Survey Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Murakami, Hiroyuki\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Naik, Vaishali\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Pascale, Salvatore\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Paynter, David\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Rosati, Anthony\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Schwarzkopf, M.D.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Shevliakova, Elena\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Underwood, Seth\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Wittenberg, Andrew T.\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Xiang, Baoqiang\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Yang, Xiaosong\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Zeng, Fanrong\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Zhang, Honghai\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Zhang, Liping\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Zhao, Ming\r\n \r\n \r\n Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Princeton NJ USA\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n American Geophysical Union (AGU)\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n documentDigital\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n J Adv Model Earth Syst\r\n \r\n \r\n 12(3)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ISSN 1942-2466, ISSN 1942-2466\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Zhang, H., & Delworth, T. L. (2018). Detectability of Decadal Anthropogenic Hydroclimate Changes over North America. Journal of Climate, 31(7), 2579\u20132597. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0366.1\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018-04\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n International DOI Foundation (IDF)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0366.1\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0366.1\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0366.1\r\n \r\n \r\n related journal article\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Zhang, Honghai\r\n \r\n \r\n Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, and NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Delworth, Thomas L.\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamical Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n American Meteorological Society\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n documentDigital\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n J. Climate\r\n \r\n \r\n 31(7)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ISSN 0894-8755, ISSN 1520-0442, pp. 2579-2597\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n utf8\r\n \r\n \r\n environment\r\n \r\n \r\n oceans\r\n \r\n \r\n climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n -180\r\n \r\n \r\n 180\r\n \r\n \r\n -70\r\n \r\n \r\n 0\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1921-01-01\r\n 2100-12-31\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n +1-301-713-3277\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.\r\n \r\n \r\n Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Originator data format\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 25074.076\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.25921/rwe5-fw03\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web browser\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Dataset Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/220095\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Descriptive Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/220095\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web browser\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.\r\n \r\n \r\n download\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0161/0220095/\r\n \r\n \r\n FTP\r\n \r\n \r\n Any FTP client\r\n \r\n \r\n FTP\r\n \r\n \r\n These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).\r\n \r\n \r\n download\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n dataset\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Accession 0220095 v1.1 was published.\r\n \r\n \r\n 2020-10-14T21:14:31Z\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Accession 0220095 v1.1\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220095/1.1\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Accession 0220095 v1.1\r\n \r\n \r\n published 2020-10-14T21:14:31Z\r\n \r\n \r\n download\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n model\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION (calculated);\r\nUnits: kg/m2/s;\r\nObservation Category: model output;\r\nSampling Instrument: N/A;\r\nSampling and Analyzing Method: Winter Rainfall Index (Dieppois et al., 2016)\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024576;\r\nData Quality Method: It was quality controlled through the general use of the data using IDL code to conduct analysis for a manuscript on precipitation droughts over Southern Africa. Data sets were found to be complete and within expected ranges. These data sets were additionally compared against observations, revealing that there were no model failures in writing the data resulting in spurious output.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n asNeeded\r\n \r\n \r\n Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n","source_transform":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"non-public","contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information","hasEmail":"mailto:ncei.info@noaa.gov"},"describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"This archival information package contains NetCDF files of monthly mean precipitation and sea level pressure model output. The precipitation grid is centered over South Africa and the more densely packed sea level pressure grid is for the entire southern hemisphere.\n\nMore precisely, this dataset contains a subset of the SPEAR_MED, SPEAR_LO, FLOR and FLOR_FA large ensembles (30 members) used for the results published in the study \"Increasing risk of another Cape Town Day Zero drought in the twenty-first century\". Specifically, we provide the precipitation field (unites: kg/m2/s) over a domain centered over South Africa and Sea Level pressure over a Southern Hemisphere domain. All the data is at monthly resolution (monthly means). For SPEAR_MED, we provide data from four different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 3,000-yr control simulation (CTRL) to evaluate unforced natural variability; (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100) to provide a baseline with only natural forcing (i.e., volcanic eruptions and solar cycles); (3) two ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 (1921-2100) developed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). For SPEAR_LO, we provide data from three different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 5,000-yr control simulation (CTRL); (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100); (3) one ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5-8.5 (1921-2100). For FLOR provide data from three different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 2,200-yr control simulation (CTRL); (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100); (3) one ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Radiative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 (1921-2100). For FLOR_FA provide data from three different numerical experiments: (1) a long-term 3,500-yr control simulation (CTRL); (2) an ensemble driven by natural forcing only (NATURAL, 1921-2100); (3) one ensembles driven by natural and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols, ozone) forcing according to the intermediate Radiative Concentration Pathway RCP4.5 (1941-2050).","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.25921/rwe5-fw03","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Dataset Landing Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/220095","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Descriptive Information"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/220095","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"HTTPS"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).","downloadURL":"ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0161/0220095/","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"FTP"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"related journal article","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001895","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001895"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"related journal article","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0366.1","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0366.1"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords","downloadURL":"https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"GCMD Keyword Forum Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Information for contacts at NCEI.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Contact Information"}],"identifier":"gov.noaa.nodc:0220095","isPartOf":"O&G LC VMADCP Program","issued":"2025-12-05T00:00:00.000+00:00","keyword":["0220095","BAROMETRIC PRESSURE","PRECIPITATION","meteorological","model output","NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","oceanography","DOC/NOAA/GFDL > NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, U.S. Department of Commerce","EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE","EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION","1N6FTJ","HWYCTH"],"landingPage":"https://www.fugro.com/","language":[],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","modified":"2020-10-14T00:00:00.000+00:00","publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information"},"rights":"","spatial":"-89.84,27.53,-90.04,27.55","temporal":"2005-09-02T17:58:39+00:00/2005-09-02T19:28:39+00:00","title":"Precipitation and sea level pressure model output under varying atmospheric scenarios centered over South Africa from 1921-01-01 to 2100-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0220095)"},"status":"error"}